In ordinary words “BI is the front end of your solution and DWH is backend”.
BI solution can only be based on the data warehouse. A data warehouse has a different data structure than a normalized entity relationship structure used in ERP applications. Some sophisticated tools such as Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition (OBIEE) provide you ability to create a virtual dimensional data model layer on top of a normalized physical database but doing that for enterprise reporting would have a severe hit on performance of the system.
Before continuing the discussion on BI vs ERP reports, first let me explain some of the concepts used in business intelligence, so you will be able to understand me in later sections.
What are Dimensions and measures?
In simple words, all the facts and figures are measures. Dimensions are the elements against which we see certain measures. Normally ERP and other OLTP systems generate two dimensional reports e.g. sales of certain products based on time. Here, product is a dimension. Time is also a dimension and sales amount is the measure. At the minimum, any report can contain two dimensions and one measure. BI reports make it possible to make multidimensional reports. You can refer to the report2 I displayed in my previous blog post. You can see that it contains three dimensions, i.e. Time, Product, location and there is one measure which is sales amount. You can even add several new dimensions in this report.
What are Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
KPIs are measures or metrics that help organizations to evaluate the progress towards organizational goals and objectives. KPIs can or can not be quantifiable in absolute numbers. Examples of some KPIs are:
- Market Share
- Market Growth
- Customer Churn Rate
- Customer Profitability
- Advertising to sales ratio
- Inventory Turnover
- Net Sales to Net worth
- Asset Turnover
There can be hundards of KPIs for any particular business sector.
Some of the concepts which I promised to explain in my earliar post are explained one by one here:
What is Single Version of Truth?
Realizing the limitations of ERP reporting, middle managers/analysts mostly use spreadsheets (mostly excel) to present information / analysis to business executives or to support their day to day functions. Usually these spreadsheets are shared with collegues and management as email attachments. Sometimes converted into PDF or word formats as well. These spreadsheets and documents are called “Unstructured data sources”. There are certain inherent limitation with this approach, one obviously being difficulty to apply version controlling if data gets updated. Analysts have to prepare a new spreadsheet every time by seeking help of IT to pull data from source systems (e.g. ERP, legacy applications) and apply aggregations and other statistical/mathematical functions manually. As a result sometimes, values for certain KPIs may be different in different spreadsheets prepared by different analysts. On the otherhand, having a BI solution for analytical reports, which gets all the data from a central data warehouse, eliminates the chances of multiple values for same KPI. This is why it is referred as Single Version of Truth.
Adhoc reporting
It is basically the same thing for which analysts use spreadsheets. Means those reports which are not present in your ERP or legacy applications. A Business intelligence solution offers the flexibility and powers of custom reports development to business analysts even if they don’t know about the structure of underlying data elements. The view of report writing tool that they see contains data elements in business terms like Sales, Profit, Year, Month etc. With drag and drop functionalities, they can quickly create reporting different measures against different dimensions
Slicing & Dicing
The concept of Slicing is much like filtering the data. This is used to view only that data which is necessary for our current analysis For Example suppose we are viewing a Quarter-on-Quarter revenue comparison report. Now we need to see the 3rd quarter revenues in detail so we slice the report to display only third quarter’s report. It depends on the system or user wether it is displaying an aggregate revenue report for full quarter or displaying it in Month-on-Month comparison. By the way, in accounting terms, these comparisons are called horizontal analysis.
Dicing stands for transposing the X and Y dimensions. Like pivoting or cross tabbing
Dashboards
There is a term in BI & DWH which is called Visualization. Visualiztion means representation of information in meaningful way like charts, graphs, tables etc. A dashboard is a place where you put all the visual representation of your information. Using charts, tables, gauges etc, you can display information (e.g. your KPIs) in a very eye-catching and to-the-point way. Here are some of the screenshots from some dashboards.
Some of the concepts which I promised to explain in my earliar post are explained one by one here:
What is Single Version of Truth?
Realizing the limitations of ERP reporting, middle managers/analysts mostly use spreadsheets (mostly excel) to present information / analysis to business executives or to support their day to day functions. Usually these spreadsheets are shared with collegues and management as email attachments. Sometimes converted into PDF or word formats as well. These spreadsheets and documents are called “Unstructured data sources”. There are certain inherent limitation with this approach, one obviously being difficulty to apply version controlling if data gets updated. Analysts have to prepare a new spreadsheet every time by seeking help of IT to pull data from source systems (e.g. ERP, legacy applications) and apply aggregations and other statistical/mathematical functions manually. As a result sometimes, values for certain KPIs may be different in different spreadsheets prepared by different analysts. On the otherhand, having a BI solution for analytical reports, which gets all the data from a central data warehouse, eliminates the chances of multiple values for same KPI. This is why it is referred as Single Version of Truth.
Adhoc reporting
It is basically the same thing for which analysts use spreadsheets. Means those reports which are not present in your ERP or legacy applications. A Business intelligence solution offers the flexibility and powers of custom reports development to business analysts even if they don’t know about the structure of underlying data elements. The view of report writing tool that they see contains data elements in business terms like Sales, Profit, Year, Month etc. With drag and drop functionalities, they can quickly create reporting different measures against different dimensions
Slicing & Dicing
The concept of Slicing is much like filtering the data. This is used to view only that data which is necessary for our current analysis For Example suppose we are viewing a Quarter-on-Quarter revenue comparison report. Now we need to see the 3rd quarter revenues in detail so we slice the report to display only third quarter’s report. It depends on the system or user wether it is displaying an aggregate revenue report for full quarter or displaying it in Month-on-Month comparison. By the way, in accounting terms, these comparisons are called horizontal analysis.
Dicing stands for transposing the X and Y dimensions. Like pivoting or cross tabbing
Dashboards
There is a term in BI & DWH which is called Visualization. Visualiztion means representation of information in meaningful way like charts, graphs, tables etc. A dashboard is a place where you put all the visual representation of your information. Using charts, tables, gauges etc, you can display information (e.g. your KPIs) in a very eye-catching and to-the-point way. Here are some of the screenshots from some dashboards.
Figure 1: A Business Monitoring Help Desk System Dashboard
Figure 2: A Banking system Dashboard
Figure 3: A sample Airline executive Dashboard
Drill Down and Drill Across
Drill down means viewing information at a more detailed level for same dimension. For example, when you are viewing an annual report (time dimension), you can drill it down on time dimension for half year, quarter or month.
Drill across refers to drilling from one dimension to another on same hierarchal level.
Conclusion
In this topic, I have tried to present a business case that why business intelligence is necessary for organizations. It is not leisure. It is a must. People argue that it is expensive. Sounds familiar? Didn’t you hear it when ERPs came into market?
Drill down means viewing information at a more detailed level for same dimension. For example, when you are viewing an annual report (time dimension), you can drill it down on time dimension for half year, quarter or month.
Drill across refers to drilling from one dimension to another on same hierarchal level.
Conclusion
In this topic, I have tried to present a business case that why business intelligence is necessary for organizations. It is not leisure. It is a must. People argue that it is expensive. Sounds familiar? Didn’t you hear it when ERPs came into market?
In my next post, i will explain about how this solution works. It will get a bit more technical but intended audience would be again business users. Feel free to send in your opinion or questions in the comments. After all i am writing all this to communicate with people like you out there.
